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1981 Telephony Article

Posted on July 25, 2020August 9, 2021 by GoPond_Login

Article displayed with permission by Telephony magazine.

Transcription

Cover

Telephony

The Journal of Telecommunications Since 1901

September 7, 1981

Top News

Bell System establishes six operating regions, p. 11

Former AT&T chief deButts testifies at DOJ-AT&T antitrust trial, p.12

Rochester Tel files for $32 million rate hike with New York PSC, p.13

A look at the shape of things to come in the electronic office, p.23

Cover: Ponderosa Tel is the name, quality service is the game, p.20

Cover photo description: In the foreground, a red truck with a ladder is parked in a cow run, which is filled with green grass and dotted with orange and white wildflowers. The truck is marked with the Ponderosa Tel logo. One person is sitting in the driver’s seat of the truck, and two people are leaning against it. They are surrounded by cows. A brown fence delineates another corral behind the truck, this one empty. A dense line of oak trees is just beyond the farthest fence in the background.

Image captions

ROBERT BIGELOW, (r), president of Ponderosa Tel, discusses ranching and the telephone business with his nephew, rancher Lee Silkwood, (l), and installer Frank Verduzco.
Cover photo by Norton Pearl Photography.
THE RUGGED terrain of Ponderosa Tel’s serving area causes some tricky installation problems. In the above photo a Ponderosa Tel crew plows in a cable to a new subscriber.
RICHARD KASTEN, installation engineer for Ponderosa Tel, tests GTE Lenkurt’s 46^3 multiplex equipment which was recently installed in the Auberry and O’Neals central offices.
ROBERT BIGELOW, (r), president of Ponderosa Tel, and Jim Abrams, GTE sales engineer, examine the GTE Lenkurt 4691B FDM/PCM converter.
CLARA ASHWORTH (l), the last Ponderosa Tel operator to live at the ranch house and operate the switchboard, reminisces about how she used to work the board with (l-r) Else, Luanne, and Robert Bigelow while all four visit the ranch.
FIG. 1: Ponderosa Tel’s service area covers a broad spectrum of terrain and climate ranging from hot, desert climate to mountainous country with long, severe winters.

Article

Ponderosa is the name and service is the game

Ponderosa Tel is the proud product of its past in ranching country but that does not mean it has not kept up with the times – far from it

by Preston Ewing

If a mother and her daughter want to talk, they will find a way. One way is to form a telephone company, which is how Ponderosa Telephone Co., O’Neals, Cal., got its start.

The two women involved were Leota Bigelow and her mother, Nancy. They lived 1 mile apart and wanted to be able to talk to one another without making the walk. So, in 1908, they bought two telephone sets from a mail order catalog and Jesse Bigelow, Leota’s son, strung the wire between the two houses to complete the connection, creating the company’s first telephone link.

Ponderosa Tel, which evolved from that first link, is the result of Jesse’s foresight and the Bigelow family’s continued involvement in the telephone business. Jesse saw telephone service as more than a convenience; he saw its potential.

Located in central California approximately mid-way between Fresno and Yosemite National Park, Ponderosa Tel now serves approximately 6000 customers, with the numbers increasing daily. Twenty-five requests for new service come in each week. Even with current inflation and interest rates, construction is booming in the area. Serving two conties and six exchanges, which translates into 640 sq. mi. of rugged terrain, Ponderosa Tel has its work cut out for it.

The company’s modernization program involves 6 years of careful planning that began in 1975. Ponderosa Tel is going digital.

Financed by the Rural Electrification Administration (REA), the total improvement program is expected to cost $7.2 million over 5 years. The first phase of the program was just completed, and included placement of a DMS-10 digital switch, manufactured by Northern Telecom Inc., Nashville, Tenn., in three of the telco’s six central offices. One more digital switch will be installed during the second phase of the program.

Converting the company from step switching to digital switching did present one problem. Should Ponderosa Tel surplus its extensive analog microwave radio facilities and replace them with digital radio?The options at the time were either to replace the microwave with pulse code modulation (PCM) carrier; or to retain the existing microwave and install back-to-back frequency division multiplex (FDM) and (PCM) channel banks to accomplish the necessary conversion.

Ponderosa Tel chose the back-to-back approach as the most pracitcal and cost-effective solution. However, just prior to the actual installation of the first switch at Auberry, the telco became aware of a new analog to digital converter manufactured by GTE Lenkurt Inc., San Carlos, Cal., which reduced the cost requirements of PCM to FDM converstion by 45% and space requirements by 70% compared to the back-to-back method.

Ponderosa Tel’s microwave facilities link the Auberry, Shaver Lake and Big Creek offices to O’Neals via a microwave site on Mercer Mountain. O’Neals and Mercer Mountain are linked via video cable.

The Mercer Mountain site also houses the radio used to meet Pacific Telephone & Telegraph Co. (PT&T), in mid-air.

Inside the O’Neals and Auberry offices the GTE Lenkurt 46^3 multiplex equipment translates the radio baseband signal to a 60 to 108 kHz (kilohertz) FDM group frequency for interface with the 4691B converter, which replaces the functions of the 46^3 channel equipment, signaling equipment, and PCM channel bank equipment. The 48-channel unit converts four 12-channel FDM groups into two 24-channel OCM digroups that are applied directly to the digital switch. Since this is the first installation of the 4691B equipment purchased with an REA loan, it is also serving as an REA field trial. The resulting capabilities from the first phase of the upgrade are extensive. Ponderosa Tel now has 70 trunks going in and out of the Auberry office, from the 22 that were available previously. Similarly, 230 additional trunks are available at the O’Neals office and these will grow to a total of 300 trunks by the end of 1981. In addition, during the first quarter of 1982 trunking capabilities will increase again through adding new cards to the switch to reach a total of 438 available trunks. Also, with the new equipment, both offices now have expansion capabilities up to 600 channels.

Another important result from the upgrade program is that the calls from the Auberry exchange go directly to Fresno, without having to tandem through O’Neals. Toll calls from all six exchanges previously met Pacific Tel in the air near Fresno via O’Neals. The combined effects of the upgrade increased toll capabilities in both directions, which customers easily recognize by their ability to get open lines.

Other benefits to Ponderosa Tel’s customers from this upgrade are:

Touch calling;
Custom calling features (such as call waiting, call forwarding, speed calling and three-way calling);
Better-transmission quality;
Easier access to both extended area service (EAS) and toll trunks; and,
Simpler tracing of nuisance calls.

This is only the beginning. The next office slated for digital conversion is located in Friant. After that, upgrades also will be made in the Big Creek and Shaver Lake exchanges.

The latest modernization program is only one of many Ponderosa Tel has undergone to fulfill its commitment to good, economical service and, undoubtedly, more will follow.

How it all happened

Yet, to truly understand this company, its history must first be understood.

In the early 1900s, the Bigelow family owned and ran the stage line business for the area. The telephone link arrangement mentioned earlier worked so well that Harmon Bigelow, Leota’s husband, decided to string more lines to meet his stage business’ communications needs.

The resulting systerm brought telephone communications not only to the stage line, but also to the Forest Service, the Southern California Utility group and the community.

In 1912, the family extended its informal network to interconnect with the outside world at Clovis, which is near Fresno.

Until this time the telephone network had been a private system owned and maintained by the Bigelows, and whoever else wanted to use this service did so at no charge. However, upon hooking up with the “outside world,” the state Railroad Commissions, the ruling communications authority at that time, declared the family was operating a telephone company. The state Public Utilities Commission did not exist in those dats. The Railroad Commission gave the 600 sq. mi., which served two counties, and assigned tariff rates to make the company official.

Bigelow Telephone Co.’s first rates for basic service were $1.25 per month and the customers also were charged for any long distance calls they made. These rates remained unchanged until the company converted from handcrank telephone to dial in the late 1950s.

The Bigelow family began operating their “new” company in addition to their flourishing stage and ranching ventures. However, with time, the telephone business became their predominant enterprise. Of course, some overlapping occurred.

Part of the family

Borrowing an idea from their ranching operations, the Bigelows devised the arrangement of housing the switchboard operators in the family ranch house where the switchboards for the telephone system were located. Twenty-four hour attendance was necessary on the boards in case of emergencies, even though the system’s regular operating were 7 a.m. to 10 p.m.

As part of this arrangement, the telephone operators received room and board in addition to their wages. The resulting relationship was more familial than employer-employee. In fact, everyone had cleaning and ranch chores to do as part of the daily routine.

This atypical but successful arrangement continued for about 60 years until the manual switchboards were retired to make way for more modern, sophisticated equipment.

To better serve their customers, the telephone company continued adding to the outside plant. This proved to be no small feat because of the available construction equipment, or more accurately the lack of it. One especially note-worthy accomplishment was crossing the San Joaquin River to extend telephone service to the town of Auberry. Pack mules had to be used to raise the poles used to carry the wire.

Weather extreme

Similarly, the extreme weather conditions and diverse terrain of the serving area caused a few headaches. Some of the headaches resulted from the range of terrain the telco must tackle. For example, the serving area includes areas like the town of Friant, which lays in flat lands at about 400 ft. above sea level with warm and desert climates, as well as the mountainous country of the sierra, which is 8200 ft. above sea level with very long and severe winters.

To combat the problems presented by these terrains, and to improve their service, the family decided to replace open wire toll line with microwave radio. The microwave radio system was only the beginning of the changeover to today’s modern equipment. The company has undergone constant expansion and modernization throughout its history. It began cutting over to dial, from the handcrank telehpones in 1957.

The same year the company also reorganized and changed names. The new name – Ponderosa Telephone Co. – was chosen because the territory the company serves is located in the Ponderosa Pine Belt. The company became a family corporation at this time.

The Bigelows analyzed technology as it was developed and introduced, and tried to pass the new benefits on to their customers, given the expense and difficult of serving the area’s rugged terrain. Just raching everyone is tricky. The telco plows subscriber cable up to each house through all sorts of hostile terrain.

However, the company overcomes these conditions by doing its own maintenance and construction. Ponderosa Tel has the equipment and qualified people who are familiar with the terrain and know how to best do the job while maintaining the character of the land, which is very important to customers as well as the telco.

The result of Ponderosa Tel’s continuous modernization programs is an advanced telephone company. A few of the telco’s past accomplishments are:

98% of the cable is buried;
Automatic toll ticketing has been used since 1963;
$13 million is invested in plant equipment;
There is extended area service capability throughout the whole serving area; and,
Private line data facilities are available operating at 4800 baud.

The company will continue to keep up with changing technology. Also, the Bigelow family will continue its integral role in the direction of the company. Robert Bigelow and Luanne Silkwood, grandchildren of the company’s founder, Harmon Bigelow, are president and secretary-treasurer, respectively, of the company.

And it all started with two members of the family looking for a more convenient way of talking to one another.

Prestion Ewing is General Manager of Ponderosa Telephone Co., O’Neals, Cal.

Ponderosa’s Historic Journey

Posted on July 25, 2020August 26, 2020 by GoPond_Login

Newspaper Articles from the 1960s

February 1964

New Telephone System:

Automation Comes to O’Neals

By H.M. Anthony
Tribune Staff Correspondent

O’NEALS – Because a woman in 1908 wanted to talk to her mother 1 mi. down the road, the foundation of a telephone company was laid. And today, Jesse M. Bigelow’s Ponderosa Telephone co., in its new 3,400-sq. ft. building in the center of O’Neals, exemplifies all the properties of a modern digit-dialing telphonic communicational activity.

It was eight years after the turn of the century that Mrs. Harmon (Leotta) Bigelow, wife of a Madera-bo-Bass Lake stage line operator, sent away to a mail-order house for two magneto type, hand-cranked telephones.

Following installation of the communication link between daughter and mother by stringing wires along fenceposts, the potential of two-way conversation between widely-separated points became apparent to the community. More people wanted to be able to talk to one another.

The voice medium was expanded from ONeals to North Fork by Harmon Bigelow and son Jess, using trees to support the hand-strung wires. Shortly therafter, lines were run to Friant, and by 1910, the Bigelow ranch house was serving a dual function – home and telephone office.

In 1911, a tie-in was effected with the Bell system at Clovis, at a cost of $16,000.

“In 1912”, recalled Jess E. Bigelow, “my father founded the present organization, under the name of the Bigelow Telephone Company.”

“In those days, telephones cost $11 an instrument,” he continued, “and subscriber’s rates were $1.50 per month, with toll calls priced at 15 cents for the first three minutes.”

Harmon Bigelow died in 1944, and son Jess took over the job of running the operation.

During World War II, telephonic equipment was unavailable, thus precluding any expansion of facilities.

But after cessation of hostilities the system widened, until in 1948 it encompassed 450 mi. of circuitry, with 85 magneto type, hand-cranked-equipped subscribers, serving some 600 persons (still at the 1912 rates), from the original ranch house site through the ancient manually-operated switchboard.

“One had to be more than just a telephone operator,” said Mrs. Jorn (Clara) Ashworth, who first manned the board in 1947, but now is in charge of the accounting department.

“You had to know where non-subscribers lived,” she added; “and the most expeditious means to contact them in case of an emergency.”

Florine Dandy, now a receptionist but also a 10-year veteran of the “Number, please” board, said that “in order to properly handle the job, you had to become familiar with individual names and voices.”

In 1957, when the reorganization into a closed family corporation under its present name – Ponderosa Telephone Co. – was effected, with Jesse E. Bigelow, president, his wife, as vice president, Mrs. Robert Silkwood (the Bigelow’s daughter) as secretary, and Robert Bigelow, treasurer, the 45-year-old switchboard continued to do yeoman duty.

But with a $1,100.00 loan from the Rural Electrification Agency in 1961, an expansion program got underway, and the Ponderosa Telephone Co. facilities befan to undergo modernization – with complete automatic dialing for all circuits the objective.

Obviously, the old housing would not be adequate for all of the new equipment, and plans were formulated for a new bulding.

Auberry subscribers were the first to enter the automatic dialing system in May, 1959. Later the same year, North Fork joined the new circuitry. And soon followed dial service to Big Creek, Friant, Pineridge, Prather, Shaver Lake and Tollhouse.

In February 1964, the old ranch-house telephone office was abandoned, and the new headquarters activated, with inclusion of the O’Neals area in the dial system.

Currently, the Bigelow family’s activity employs 12 persons, encompasses extensive microwave circuitry with four towers, 14 transmitters, 14 receivers, 73 toll links to Fresno, and as of March 31, 1,126 subscribers.

Of the some 300 persons who visited the $76,000 quarters of the Ponderosa Telephone Co., with its intricate automatic equipment at the open house ceremony lsat Saturday, many were users of the Bigelow Telephonic service for 54 years.

Obviously, they recognized and accepted the demands of the automative sixth decade of this 20th century. Yet, for those accustomed to the old magneto-type, hand-cranked, intimate party-line system, presided over by Mrs. John (Clara) Ashworth, who knew each and every subscriber by name and voice, there was much nostalgia. One visitor was heard to remark that “Now I put my finger in seven holes and get my number. But it is not like before when Clara answered with “Hello, Mary, who do you want to speak to?”

“Why, now,” another guest said, “I don’t dare to send any more personal notes to Clara when I forward my monthly checks – with this new-fangled billing system Jess (Bigelow) has.”

Yes, progress has taken over in the large foothill area served by the Ponderosa Telephone Co. But the old hand-crankers have not disappeared completely. An operational system still is in being between the homes of Jess E. Bigelow, Mrs. Robert Silkwood, his daughter, and Robert, his son.

Image captions

Room Jammed With Equipment . . . Clara doesn’t answer any more
Ponderosa’s Modern New Buildling . . . more progress in the mountains

Ponderosa’s Historic Journey

Posted on July 25, 2020August 26, 2020 by GoPond_Login

Newspaper Articles from the 1950s

From left to right:

Photo caption: LINEMAN – Chris Castro, a converted cowboy, checks the junction box at the new dial station building in North Fork, preparatory to switchover
Photo caption: MODERNIZED – Mrs. Clara Ashworth runs telephone tickets through a modern micro billing machine, part of the new equipment installed by mountain area telephone company. Bee Photos
Article: North Fork will Get Dial Phones Sunday
by Louis Evon, Fresno Bee Staff Writer

NORTH FORK, Madera Co. – Fifty-one years ago, the telephone – a single line strung from tree to tree – was introduced to this mountain community. Sunday the only original subscriber still living in North Fork will make the first official call inaugurating the change-over to a modern dial system.

William A. Ellis, 85, the original subscriber with the Bigelow Telephone Company, now the Ponderosa Telephone Company, says he will call Superior Judge David E. Peckinpah. Ellis, a Madera County supervisor from 1903 to 1927, used to drive a team hauling lumber and freight for the Peckinpah mill near North Fork.

However, Ellis says his call will not be too official.

“It’s just that every once in a while I like to call the judge and remind him I was at his father’s mill the night he was born.”

180 Will Be Switched

J.E. Bigelow, the president of the telephone company, which has its main office in O’Neals, said 180 telephones and four toll circuits will be switched over officially at 12:01 AM sunday.

The first telephone line was strung from O’Neals to North Fork by Bigelow’s father, Harmon, who founded the company. The switchover from the old crank type magneto phones to the dial system is a part of the company’s improvement program. A similar dial system for subscribers in Auberry was ac- (End of clipping.)
Photo caption: NEW SYSTEM – Jesse Bigelow, president of the Ponderosa Telephone Company, explains a diagram of the new dial system in Friant to Albert Weiss, Jack Myrick and Ralph Sinor, Friant businessmen, left to right.

Article: 36 Year Patron Will Break In Friant’s Dial Telephoning

FRIANT – Albert Weiss, who recalls when “the entire community had only five or six telephones,” will officially inaugurate Friant’s new modern dial system tomorrow at 11:01 PM.

The changeover from the old magneto crank phones to the modern circuits is a part of the Ponderosa Telephone Company’s improvement program in its mountain service area.

Weiss, a service station operator, the oldest subscriber in the point of time, had his first phone installed in 1924, the year he went into business.

Amateur Messenger

“Years ago,” he recalls, “before we had many phones around here, I was forced into delivering messages. People used to call my number and I would drive as far as1 2 miles to call the party to the phone or relay a message. I didn’t mind it too much, because most of the calls were emergencies.”

He plans to place a long distance call to his daughter, Mrs. Albertine Mangan of Los Angeles, to initiate the new dial system.

The initial changeover, said Jesse Bigelow, president of the telephone company, includes 80 phones. The improvements, including a building for the circuits, poles, wire, and cable, cost $90,000. It is the third phase in the company’s switchover to a modern system. The changeover was accomplished in Auberry last May and in North Fork, Madera County, last December. Similar plans are being made for improvements in Shaver and O’Neals, Madera County, the company’s headquarters.

First Phone in 1910

The first telephone was installed in Friant in 1910 when the Ponderosa was known as the Bigelow Telephone Company. Harmon Bigelow, the founder, in 1901 also established the Bigelow Stage Line which passed through Friant to North Fork and Sugar Pine in Madera County.

Accompanying the new Friant dial system will be a 24 hour service. Under the former system the service was limited to 7 AM to 10 PM and emergency calls. The prefix will not be the usual name, but a number, 85.
Photo caption:
FAMILY CORPORATION – Jesse Bigelow, president of the Ponderosa Telephone Company, founded by his father as the Bigelow Telephone Company, checks the new four toll trunk like installation. His daughter, Mrs. Robert Silkwood, shown with him, is the office supervisor and chief operator. Bee Photos
Article: Phone Cranking Yields to Dials in Pioneer Setup
by Lou Evon, Fresno Bee Staff Writer

O’NEALS, Madera Co. – One day in 1908, Mrs. Harmon Bigelow sent away for and subsequently received by mail order two telephones. A rancher’s wife, she wanted constant communications with her mother who lived about a mile down the road.

That was the start of the Bigelow Telephone Company which brought telephone service to the mountain area and now, as the Ponderosa Telephone Company, is engaged in a $120,000 program to transform its crank type magneto phones into a modern dial system.

Jesse Bigelow, president of the company, says the switchover to the dial system has already been made at Auberry and will also be made in North Fork, Friant, Shaver and O’Neals with a complete changeover expected by 1961.
Photo caption: Working in the field to expedite the conversion are Troy Harris, Roy Vaughn (on pole) and Kenneth Castro, line foreman
Article: New Phone Line in Operation

Built by H.E. Bigelow one of O’Neal’s enterprising citizens, at a cost of $4,000, the new telephone line from Clovis to North Fork, Madera County, which has been under construction since last May, was completed last week and is now in operation.

The completion of this line marks a new era in the mountain life in the Sierras, for its places the Sierras, from Trimmer Springs on the south, to El Portal on the North, in immediate telephone communication with Fresno and the state in general. Hitherto the only means of communication has been over the private line of the San Joaquin Light and Power Company, which has been of little benefit except to those in the immediate vicinity.

The Bigelow line connects with the forest service telephone system at North Fork, and by doing this enables anyone to communicate with the valley from any forest service station. The forestry people have about 200 miles of telephone line.
Photo caption: FIRST CALL – Albert Weiss will make the first call on Friant’s new telephone system. The old magneto crank telephone, shown with the new dial phone, will be eliminated. Bee Photos
Photo caption: READY – William A. Ellis, 85, the original North Fork subscriber, gets the feel of the new dial instrument as he leans on the old crank type magneto telephone about to be replaced.
Photo caption: Ponderosa Independent Telephone Company Inc.

Description: This graphic depicts a former logo of Ponderosa Telephone Co. The words above are stacked inside of double-lined circle. A telephone handset rests upside-down in the middle of the circle, so that the word “Independent” arches across its handle.